Journal: Biofilm

Article Title: Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100335

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. brasilense AR mutant exhibits elevated levels of intracellular c-di-GMP. Colony morphology of wild-type A. brasilense Sp7 ( A ) and the AR mutant ( B ) expressing a c-di-GMP biosensor (pFY4535). Cultures were grown for five days at 30 °C on Nfb∗ agar supplemented with KNO 3 . The intracellular c-di-GMP concentration is proportional to the expression of TurboRFP (red), resulting in a red colony color. The AR mutant's more intense coloration indicates higher c-di-GMP accumulation than in the WT. Representative fluorescence microscopy of individual WT and AR mutant cells. Images were captured on a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U microscope using the following excitation/emission wavelengths: 489/519 nm for AmCyan (green) and 553/574 nm for TurboRFP (red). Gray images are intensity surface plots corresponding to the fluorescence emitted by TurboRFP. Images were processed using Nikon NIS Elements software. All images shown are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 10 mm (colonies); 10 μm (individual cells). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Obtained images were processed and analyzed using Nikon NIS Elements software.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Software

Journal: Biofilm

Article Title: Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100335

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. brasilense AR mutant exhibits elevated levels of intracellular c-di-GMP. Colony morphology of wild-type A. brasilense Sp7 ( A ) and the AR mutant ( B ) expressing a c-di-GMP biosensor (pFY4535). Cultures were grown for five days at 30 °C on Nfb∗ agar supplemented with KNO 3 . The intracellular c-di-GMP concentration is proportional to the expression of TurboRFP (red), resulting in a red colony color. The AR mutant's more intense coloration indicates higher c-di-GMP accumulation than in the WT. Representative fluorescence microscopy of individual WT and AR mutant cells. Images were captured on a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U microscope using the following excitation/emission wavelengths: 489/519 nm for AmCyan (green) and 553/574 nm for TurboRFP (red). Gray images are intensity surface plots corresponding to the fluorescence emitted by TurboRFP. Images were processed using Nikon NIS Elements software. All images shown are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 10 mm (colonies); 10 μm (individual cells). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional structures were reconstructed using NIS Elements imaging software for Nikon microscopy (Nikon, Japan).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Software

Journal: Biofilm

Article Title: Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2025.100335

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. brasilense AR mutant exhibits elevated levels of intracellular c-di-GMP. Colony morphology of wild-type A. brasilense Sp7 ( A ) and the AR mutant ( B ) expressing a c-di-GMP biosensor (pFY4535). Cultures were grown for five days at 30 °C on Nfb∗ agar supplemented with KNO 3 . The intracellular c-di-GMP concentration is proportional to the expression of TurboRFP (red), resulting in a red colony color. The AR mutant's more intense coloration indicates higher c-di-GMP accumulation than in the WT. Representative fluorescence microscopy of individual WT and AR mutant cells. Images were captured on a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U microscope using the following excitation/emission wavelengths: 489/519 nm for AmCyan (green) and 553/574 nm for TurboRFP (red). Gray images are intensity surface plots corresponding to the fluorescence emitted by TurboRFP. Images were processed using Nikon NIS Elements software. All images shown are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 10 mm (colonies); 10 μm (individual cells). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional structures were reconstructed using NIS Elements imaging software for Nikon microscopy (Nikon, Japan).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Software